LITERATUR REVIEW: Sugar Intake and Obesity Risk Implications for Health

Abstract

Excessive sugar consumption is an important factor contributing to the increased risk of obesity across various age groups. High sugar intake, particularly from sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods, is associated with increased energy intake, impaired appetite regulation, and fat accumulation. These conditions adversely affect health by increasing the risk of metabolic disorders and reducing overall quality of life. This article aims to review the relationship between sugar intake and obesity risk and its implications for health using a thematic narrative review approach. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases, including articles published in Indonesian and English between 2015 and 2025. The selected literature was analyzed narratively and categorized into themes covering sugar consumption patterns, the relationship between sugar intake and obesity, and behavioral and environmental factors influencing obesity risk. The review findings indicate a consistent association between excessive sugar intake and increased obesity risk among children, adolescents, and adults. Obesity risk is influenced by complex interactions between sugar consumption patterns, eating behaviors, and environmental factors. This review highlights the importance of controlling sugar intake and promoting nutrition education as preventive strategies to maintain health and reduce obesity risk.